Do you know, what is an adverbial clause?
An adverb may be a single word such as quickly, here or yesterday, or a phrase such as the day before yesterday or to see my mother. However, adverbs can also be clauses, containing a subject and a full verb. This page will explain the basic types of adverb clauses (sometimes called "adverbial clauses") and how to recognize them.
Adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb. In other words, it contains a subject (explicit or implied) and apredicate, and it modifies a verb. An Adverbs indicate such things as why, where, when, and how. Typical adverbs in English are words like “soon”, “here” and “quickly”; adverbial phrases are groups of words used in the same way, such as “on Sunday” or “with compassion”. Likewise, an entire clause remember that a clause has a subject and predicate may have an adverbial function
An adverb clause will meet three requirements:
§ First, it will contain a subject and verb.
§ You will also find a subordinate conjunction that keeps the clause from expressing a complete thought.
§ Finally, you will notice that the clause answers one of these three adverb questions: How? When? or Why?
Types of adverbial clauses
kind of clause | common conjunctions | Function | example |
time clauses | when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,till, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "when?"); hardly, scarcely, no sooner, etc. | These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event. | Her goldfish died when she was young. |
conditional clauses | if, unless, lest | These clauses are used to talk about a possible or counterfactual situation and its consequences. | If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards. |
purpose clauses | in order to, so that, in order that | These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action. | They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard. |
reason clauses | because, since, as, given | These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something. | I couldn't feel anger against himbecause I liked him too much. |
result clauses | so...that | These clauses are used to indicate the result of something. | My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey homethat the lid would not stay closed. |
concessive clauses | although, though, while | These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising. | I used to read a lot although I don't get much time for books now. |
place clauses | where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "where?") | These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something. | He said he was happy where he was. |
clauses of manner | as, like, the way | These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done. | I was never allowed to do thingsas I wanted to do them. |
There are many types of adverb clauses. Here are some examples of the most common types:
Type | Question answered | Example |
Place | Where? | Wherever there are computers, there is Microsoft software. |
Time | When? | After the fruit is harvested, it is sold at the market. |
Cause | Why? (What caused this?) | I didn't call her because I'm shy. |
Purpose | Why? (What was the reason for doing this?) | She took a computer course so that she could get a better job. |
Concession | Why is this unexpected? | Although Jay has a Master's degree, he works as a store clerk. |
Condition | Under what conditions? | If you save your money, you will be able to go to college. |
As you can see from the examples above, most adverb clauses can be recognized because they are introduced by a particular word or phrase (such as "when" and "so that"). These words and phrases are called subordinating conjunctions, and there are many of them, including these:
after, before, until, while, because, since, as, so that, in order that, if, unless, whether, though, although, even though, where
Read these examples:
Tommy scrubbed the bathroom tile until his arms ached.
How did Tommy scrub? Until his arms ached, an adverb clause.
Josephine's three cats bolted from the driveway once they saw her car turn the corner.
When did the cats bolt? Once they saw her car turn the corner, an adverb clause.
After her appointment at the orthodontist, Danielle cooked eggs for dinner because she could easily chew an omelet.
Why did Danielle cook eggs? Because she could easily chew an omelet, an adverb clause.
Look at these sentences:
I saw the movie yesterday.
I saw the movie on Friday.
I saw the movie before I left for Calgary.
In the first sentence, “yesterday” is a one-word adverb, “on Friday” is an adverb phrase, and “before I left for Calgary” is an adverb clause. All of them answer the question “When?”, but the adverb clause has a subject (“I”) and a full verb (“left”). It is introduced by “before”, so it is a dependent clause. This means that it cannot stand alone: “Before I left for Calgary” would not be a full sentence. It needs a main clause (“I saw the movie”). An adverb clause, then, is a dependent clause that does the same job as an adverb or an adverb phrase.
Adverbial clauses are introduced by conjunctions, such as so that, before, and until. The indicative or subjunctive mood may be required in the adverbial clause in Spanish, or an adverbial phrase (preposition plus infinitive) may be used, depending on:
· Whether there is a change of subject. If no change of subject is involved and a preposition exists which corresponds to the conjunction, that preposition plus an infinitive is normally used, e.g.: He's saving his money so he can buy a car, . A list of the corresponding prepositions is given below.
· The type situation or time in the adverbial clause. In general, if the situation in the adverbial clause is viewed as something hypothetical or anticipated rather than completed, habitual, or factual then the subjunctive is required. Iin contrast, if the adverbial expression deals with something that is viewed as completed, habitual, or factual, the indicative is used. Some adverbial conjunctions by their very nature deal with something hypothetical or anticipated and thus are always followed by the subjunctive; others may take either the subjunctive or the indicative.
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