Tugas 4 Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

Exercise 37: Relative Clauses (Page:138)
1. The last record that was produced by this company became a gold record.
2. Checking accounts who require a minimum balance are very common now.
3. The professor to whom you spoke yesterday is not here today.
4. John, whose grades are the highest in the school, has received a scholarship.
5. Felipe bought a camera that has three lenses.
6. Frank is the man whom we are going to nominate for the office of treasurer.
7. The doctor is with a patient whose leg was broken in an accident.
8. Jane is the woman who is going to China next year.
9. Janet wants a typewriter who self-corrects.
10. This book that I found last week contains some useful information.
11. Mr. Bryant, whose team has lost the game, looks very sad.
12. James wrote an article that indicated that he disliked the president.
13. The director of the program who graduated from Harvard University is planning to retire next year.
14. This is the book that I have been looking for all the year.
15. William, whose brother is a lawyer, wants to become a judge.

Exercise 38: Relative Clause Reduction (Page:139)
1. George is the man chosen to represent the committee at the convention.
2. All of the money accepted has already been released.
3. The papers on the table belong to Patricia.
4. The man brought to the police station confessed to the crime.
5. The girl drinking coffee is Mary Allen.
6. John's wife, a professor, has written several papers on this subject.
7. The man talking to the policeman is my uncle.
8. The book on the top shelf is the one that I need.
9. The number of students been counted is quite high.
10. Leo, Evans, a doctor, eats in this restaurant every day.

Exercise 39: Subjunctive (Page:142)
1. The teacher demanded the student to leave the room.
2. It was urgent that he called her immediately.
3. It was very important that we delayed discussion.
4. She intends to move that the committee suspends discussion on this issue.
5. The king decreed the new laws to take effect the following months.
6. I propose that you should stop this rally.
7. I advise you take the prerequisites before registering for this course.
8. His father prefers him to attend a different university.
9. The faculty stipulated the rule to be abolished.
10. She urged us to find another alternative.

Improve Your English Through Reading

Right now you are reading English. That means that you are using your brain in a very active way. Reading is a very active process. It is true that the writer does a lot of work, but the reader also has to work hard. When you read a text, you have to do some or all of these:

• imagine a scene in your head
• understand clearly what the writer is trying to say
• agree or disagree with the writer

Advantages of Reading

When you learn a language, listening, speaking and writing are important, but reading can also be very helpful. There are many advantages associated with reading, including:

Learning Vocabulary In Context
You will usually encounter new words when you read. If there are too many new words for you, then the level is too high and you should read something simpler. But if there are, say, a maximum of five new words per page, you will learn this vocabulary easily. You may not even need to use a dictionary because you can guess the meaning from the rest of the text (from the context). Not only do you learn new words, but you see them being used naturally.

A Model For Writing
When you read, it gives you a good example for writing. Texts that you read show you structures and expressions that you can use when you write.

Seeing "Correctly Structured" English
When people write, they usually use "correct" English with a proper grammatical structure. This is not always true when people speak. So, by reading you see and learn grammatical English naturally.

Working At Your Own Speed
You can read as fast or as slowly as you like. You can read ten pages in 30 minutes, or take one hour to explore just one page. It doesn't matter. The choice is yours. You cannot easily do this when speaking or listening. This is one of the big advantages of reading because different people work at different speeds.

Personal Interest
If you choose something to read that you like, it can actually be interesting and enjoyable. For example, if you like to read about football in your own language, why not read about football in English? You will get information about football and improve your English at the same time.

Five Tips for Reading

1. Try to read at the right level. Read something that you can (more or less) understand. If you need to stop every three words to look in a dictionary, it is not interesting for you and you will soon be discouraged.
2. Make a note of new vocabulary. If there are four or five new words on a page, write them in your vocabulary book. But you don't have to write them while you read. Instead, try to guess their meaning as you read; mark them with a pen; then come back when you have finished reading to check in a dictionary and add them to your vocabulary book.
3. Try to read regularly. For example, read for a short time once a day. Fifteen minutes every day is better than two hours every Sunday. Fix a time to read and keep to it. For example, you could read for fifteen minutes when you go to bed, or when you get up, or at lunchtime.
4. Be organised. Have everything ready: something to read, a marker to highlight difficult words, a dictionary, your vocabulary book, a pen to write down the new words
5. Read what interests YOU. Choose a magazine or book about a subject that you like.

Things to Read

Newspapers
You can find English-language newspapers in all large cities around the world. Newspapers are interesting because they are about real life and the news. BUT they are not easy to read. Try reading newspapers if your level is intermediate or above.

Some British newspapers:

• The Telegraph
• The Times
• The Independent
• The Guardian
• The Financial Times (business)
• The Sunday Times

Some American newspapers

• The International Herald Tribune
• The New York Times
• The Wall Street Journal (business)

Magazines
Some magazines are published weekly, some monthly. You can find English-language magazines in many large cities around the world. If you cannot find the magazine you want in your town, you may be able to order it for delivery. Many magazines have pictures which can help your understanding. You will need an intermediate level for most magazines, but a pre-intermediate level may be ok for some magazines.

There are magazines on every subject: Politics, Sport, The House, Cars, Music, Romance, Travel, Language, etc

Books
Books are divided mainly into: Non-fiction (history, biography, travel, cooking etc), Fiction (stories and novels)
Some books are easier to read than others. It often depends on the author. Agatha Christie, for example, wrote in an easier style and with simpler vocabulary than Stephen King. You can buy books in specialised English-language bookshops in large cities around the world. You may also be able to find some English-language books in libraries. And if you have a British Council in your city, you can borrow many English-language books from their library.

Short Stories
Short stories can be a good choice when learning a language because they are...short. It's like reading a whole book in a few pages. You have all the excitement of a story in a book, but you only have to read 5,000 or 10,000 words. So you can quite quickly finish the story and feel that you have achieved something. Short stories are published in magazines, in books of short stories, and on the Internet. You can also find short stories at EnglishClub.com English Reading.

Readers
Readers are books that are specially published to be easy to read. They are short and with simple vocabulary. They are usually available at different levels, so you should be able to find the right level for you. Many readers are stories by famous authors in simple form. This is an excellent way for you to start practising reading.

Cornflakes Packets
By "Cornflakes Packets", we mean any product you can buy that has English writing on or with it. If you buy a box of chocolates, or a new camera, why not read the description or instructions in English? There are many such examples, and they all give you an opportunity to read real English: airline tickets, cans or packets of food, bottles of drink, tapes and CDs, user guides for videos, computers..., etc

Poetry
If you like poetry, try reading some English-language poems. They may not be easy to understand because of the style and vocabulary, but if you work at it you can usually get an idea - or a feeling - of what the poet is trying to say.

Good luck with your reading. It will help you make a lot of Progress!

Sources:
https://www.englishclub.com/esl-articles/200003.htm

CAUSATIVE VERBS

The causative is a common structure in English. It is used when one thing or person causes another thing or person to do something.

There are two basic causative structures. One is like an active and the other is like a passive.

These examples use the causative verb "have":

Active:     I had John fix the car

(I arranged for the car to be fixed by John - I caused him to fix it.)

Passive:    I had the car fixed

(I arranged for the car to be fixed by someone. We don't know who, so this is like a passive.)

The true causative verbs are: have, get, and make.
HAVE / GET
The clause following have or get can be either active or passive.
Active Have:

subject + have + complement + verb in simple form ...

Example:

I had my brother feed the dog all week. (My brother fed the dog.)

Active Get:

subject + get + complement + verb in infinitive ....

Example:

I got my brother to feed the dog all week. (My brother fed the dog.)

Passive Have / Get:

subject + have OR get + complement + verb in past participle ...

Example:

I had the dog fed. OR I got the dog fed. ( The dog was fed by somebody.)

Examples of active causative clauses:

• Gary is getting his girlfriend to pick up the dry cleaning.
• The president had the reporters wait outside the conference room.
• Martha is having her friend help with her assignment.
• The doctor got his patient to take the bitter medicine.

Examples of passive causative clauses:

• Robert has his stories published each month.
• My sister had her dress altered for the wedding by my aunt.
• I can’t believe she is getting her hair colored like mine!
• My son is having his eyes tested this week.
• We all had our heads shaved before the big game.

MAKE
The causative verb make can only be followed by a clause in the active voice. Make is a much stronger command than have or get and means to force someone to do something.

subject + make + complement + verb in simple form...

Example:

The judge made me give him my driver's license.

Note: Even though make  means the same as force, if force is used then the infinitive of the verb is used.

subject + force + complement + verb in simple form...

Example:

The judge forced me to give him my driver's license.

Examples of sentences using the causative verb make:

• My boss makes me finish the daily report each day before I go home.
• I made my little sister give me half of her candy.
• Our teacher is making us bring our homework to him tomorrow.
• Ralph had made us promise not to tell what he did before he entered the forbidden zone.

LET / HELP - VERBS OFTEN CONSIDERED CAUSATIVE

Let and help are often considered to be causative verbs, but they are actually not. These words request permission or assistance from another person.

Let means allow or permit. When let is used, the simple form of the verb is used with it.

subject + let + complement + verb in simple form . . .

However, if allow or permit is used then the infinitive of the verb must be used with them.

subject + allow OR permit + complement + verb in infinitive form . . .

Examples:

• Mark’s dad let him play in the baseball game.
• Mark’s dad allowed him to play in the baseball game.
• Mark’s dad permitted him to play in the baseball game.

• My boss let me leave early from work.
• They are going to let me enter the ancient text archives to do research.
• Jamie always lets her kids have slumber parties on the weekends.
• Ralph is letting his son go to the concert.

Help, which means assist, is also usually followed by the simple form of the verb, but can be followed by the infinitive in some cases.

subject + help + complement + verb in simple form OR verb in infinitive form

Examples:

• Lisa helped her mom fold the clothes.
• The librarian helped me find the reference book I needed.
• Her stories always help him to sleep better.

Sources:

http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/490/grammar/causatives.htm

http://gmatclub.com/forum/gmat-grammar-book-causative-verbs-99513.html

Tugas 3 Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

Exercise 32: Enough (Page: 120)
1. People enough
2. French enough
3. Enough time
4. Fast enough
5. Soon enough
6. Enough early
7. Hard enough
8. Slowly enough
9. Enough flour
10. Books enough

Exercise 33: Because/Because Of (Page: 121)
1. Because of
2. Because of
3. Because of
4. Because
5. Because
6. Because
7. Because of
8. Because of
9. Because of
10. Because of

Exercise 34: So/Such (Page: 124)
1. So
2. Such
3. Such
4. So
5. So
6. So
7. Such
8. So
9. So
10. Such
11. So
12. So
13. Such
14. So
15. So

Exercise 35: Passive Voice (Page: 132)
1. The president is called by somebody every day.
2. The other members are being called by John.
3. Mr. Watson will be called by somebody tonight.
4. Considerable damage has been caused by the fire.
5. The supplies should be bought be the teacher for this class.

Exercise 36: Causative Verbs (Page: 135)
1. Leave
2. Repaired
3. Typed
4. Call
5. Painted
6. Write
7. Lie
8. Send
9. Cut
10. Signed
11. Leave
12. Washed
13. To fix
14. Published
15. To find

Example of Application Letters

Application letters is a formally written one-page letter that accompanies a resume and other requested documentation in application for a job or academic program. An application letter should also include a concluding paragraph that express appreciation to the receiver fo taking the time to consider the application. The final sentence should convey that the applicant looks toward the future by asking for a formal interview in person, online or by phone.

Example of Apllication Letter

Mrs. Dwy Novitasari
Personal Department
Indonesia Stock Exchange
Empire Building Plaza 2nd, floor
52 Jln. Jend. Sudirman
Jakarta 10002

Dear Mrs Dwy,

With reference to your advertisement for a senior secretary in Jakarta Times on 27 April, I would like to apply for the post.

I am 25 years old and was educated at International Secretarial College. My education and secretarial experience have given me excellent secretarial skills. After graduating from International Secretarial College, I enrolled at  Indonesia Secretarial Institute and I received my degree in secretarial sciences. I was also awarded a special citation for speed and accuracy in typing.

Since 1990 I have been working as a secretary at International Mills Realty where I had responsibility for all business correspondence. Unfortunately, the company is moving its head office to Surabaya and I have therefore decided to look for a new job in Jakarta.

I would be available for an interview on any day after 20 February and I would be able to take up a new post on any date from 1 March.

Mr. Robert and Mr. Wilson are willing to give me references.

I look forward to having your reply.

Yours sincerely.

Angela Mawrine 

Sources:
http://www.ask.com/business-finance/meaning-application-letter-84d94ea80c2347eb

COMPARISONS

What is a comparison?
Comparison is a rhetorical or literary device in which a writer compares or contrast two people, places, places, things, or ideas. In our everyday life, we compare people and things to express ourselves vividly. So when we say, "as lazy as a snail" you compare two different entities to show similarity i.e. someone's laziness to the slow pace of a snail.
When we want to compare two or more nouns using adjectives, we use the comparative and superlative forms of the adjective to show the comparison between the nouns.

Example:
Honey is sweet, sugar is sweeter but victory is the sweetest.

In this sentence, we are comparing the three nouns using the positive, comparative and superlative forms of the word "sweet".

There are three form of comparison:

1. Positive Form
There are the simple adjectives that simply describe the nouns without comparing it to another. (big, sweet, clean, etc.)
          She has a big black dog.
          He is a sweet boy.
          The motorcycle is clean.

2. Comparative Form
These are used when we are comparing two nouns and need to show which noun possesses the adjective or character in a greater or lesser amount, when compared with the other. (bigger, sweeter, cleaner, etc.)
          I have a big dog but hers is bigger.
          He is sweeter than the other boys.
          The motorcycle is cleaner than before.

3. Superlative Form
This form is used when three or more nouns are being compared and we need to show that one or more of the nouns posses the adjective or characteristic to the highest amount possible. We usually add 'the' before the superlative form. (biggest, sweetest, cleanest, etc.)
          She has the biggest dog in the colony.
          He is the sweetest boy in his class.
          The motorcycle is the cleanest thing in the house.

Making Comparatives and Superlatives
There are certain rules that must be followed in the making of the comparatives and superlatives of the adjectives. Not all adjectives form their comparatives and superlatives in the same way and there are also some irregular adjectives that form completely different comparative and superlative forms.

Single Syllable Words and Double Syllable Words ending with -y, -er, -ow, -le -
We use ‘-er’ to make the comparative and ‘-est’ to make the superlative.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Black	Blacker	Blackest
Fair	Fairer	Fairest
Clever	Cleverer	Cleverest

When there is a silent ‘e’ at the end of the positive form, we remove that and add ‘-er’ and ‘-est’

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Nice	Nicer	Nicest
Late	Later	Latest

When the adjective ends with a ‘y’, we convert the ‘y’ into ‘i’ before adding ‘-er’ and ‘-est’

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Pretty	Prettier	Prettiest
Lazy	Lazier	Laziest

If the adjective is a small one with little stress on the vowel, we double the last consonant.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Hot	Hotter	Hottest
Wet	Wetter	Wettest

Other Words with Two or More Syllables -

For other double syllable words that do not end with -y, -er, -ow, -le, and for adjectives with more than two syllables we use more and most to form the comparatives and superlatives.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Difficult	More Difficult	Most Difficult
Careful	More Careful	Most Careful
Handsome	More Handsome	Most Handsome
Interesting	More Interesting	Most Interesting

Special Adjectives -

There a few adjectives that can use both ‘-er and -est’ and ‘more’ and ‘most’ to form their comparative and superlative forms. The distinction between these is that ‘-er and -est’ are used when we are comparing the noun to another noun and ‘more’ and ‘most’ is used when we are comparing characteristics within the noun.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative	Example
Clever	Cleverer/ More Clever	Cleverest/ Most Clever	He is cleverer than her. He is more clever than studious.
Quiet	Quieter/ More Quiet	Quietest/ Most Quiet	This is the most quiet it gets here. This is the quietest place.
Brave	Braver/ More Brave	Bravest/ Most Brave	She is braver than other girls. She was more brave than afraid.
Sure	Surer/ More Sure	Surest/ Most Sure	He was surer of the result than others. You’ll be more sure about the concept after you read the chapter.

Irregular Comparisons -

These adjectives do not make their comparative and superlative forms using the rules above. Their comparative and superlative forms are different words altogether.

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Bad	Worse	Worst
Good	Better	Best
Far (place & time)	Futher	Furthest
Far (place)	Father	Farthest
Old (people)	Elder	Eldest
Little (amount)	Less	Least
Late (order)	Latter	Last

Sources:
http://literarydevices.net/comparison/
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/adjektive_steig.htm
http://www.englishleap.com/grammar/comparative-superlative
http://www.tipsbelajarbahasainggris.com/perbandingan-kata-sifat/

Tugas 2 Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

Exercise 26: Adjectives and Adverbs (Page:107)
1. Well
2. Intense
3. Brightly
4. Fluent
5. Fluently
6. Smooth
7. Accurately
8. Bitter
9. Soon
10. Fast

Exercise 27: Linking (Copulative) Verbs (Page:109)
1. Terrible
2. Good
3. Good
4. Calm
5. Sick
6. Quickly
7. Diligently
8. Vehemently
9. Relaxed
10. Noisy

Exercise 28: Comparisons (Page: 114)
1. As soon
2. More important
3. As well
4. More expensive
5. As hot
6. More talented
7. More colorful
8. Happier
9. Worse
10. Faster

Exercise 29: Comparisons (Page:114)
1. Than
2. Than
3. From
4. Than
5. As
6. Than
7. As
8. Than
9. Than
10. From

Exercise 30: Comparisons (Page: 117)
1. Better
2. Happiest
3. Faster
4. Creamiest
5. More colorful
6. Better
7. Good
8. More awkwardly
9. Least
10. Prettier
11. The best
12. Than
13. Less impressive
14. The sicker
15. Than
16. Twice as much as
17. Few
18. Much
19. Farthest
20. More famous